Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso Formally Exit ECOWAS to Form the Alliance of Sahel States

On January 29, 2025, Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso officially completed the process of exiting the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). This move followed the expiration of a mandatory one-year notice period and marks a significant change in regional geopolitics. The three nations have now joined forces to form a new coalition known as the Alliance of Sahel States (AES).

Background and Context

The decision to leave ECOWAS reflects long-standing differences regarding regional policy and external alliances. Historically, ECOWAS has played a critical role in fostering economic cooperation and facilitating the free movement of people and goods across West Africa. However, tensions have increased due to the organization’s reliance on France, a country that these three nations see as a conflicting influence in the region. In response, Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso have shifted their strategic partnerships towards nations such as Turkey, Iran, and Russia.

Transitional Arrangements with ECOWAS

Despite their departure, the coalition has outlined a series of transitional measures to ease the impact on both citizens and businesses. These measures include:

• Visa-Free Movement: Citizens of Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso will continue to enjoy the right to residence, the ability to establish businesses, and visa-free travel across ECOWAS countries. This provision is set up to maintain the region’s economic integration and ensure minimal disruption during the transition.
• Trade Provisions: Goods and services from these three countries will still be processed under the existing coalition Trade Liberalization Scheme and investment policies. This continuity keeps trade relationships and economies stable while new modalities are negotiated.
• Cooperation with ECOWAS Officials: The departing nations are required to provide full cooperation and support to officials during this transitional phase. This measure aims to facilitate a smooth adjustment of administrative procedures and resolve any emerging issues.

Document Recognition: Passports and identity cards featuring the ECOWAS logo will remain valid for citizens from Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso until further notice so that personal identification and travel documents do not immediately become obsolete.